SHI’A A MA’AUNIN ILIMI (2 / 1)

((Tattaunawa ta ilimi akan mas’alolin sabani tsakanin Sunnah da Shi’a))

SANAWAR
(Wannan maudhu'in yana da yawa, haka ya sanya na ga cewa ya kamata a rarraba shi zuwa kashi biyu zuwa uku ko hudu, amma dai a karshen duka za a tura shi a cikin wannan makon idan Allah ya yarda)

MENE NE SHI’A… SU WANE NE ‘YAN SHI’A? DA RARRABE-RARRABEN SU

Sanin mene ne Shi’a, kuma su wane ne ‘Yan Shi’a, shin ma wai Shi’a abu daya ne a dunkule, ko kuwa Shi’o’i ne ake da su masu yawa…? Lallai sanin amsoshin wadannan tanbayoyi abu ne muhimmi wajen fahimtar sabanin da yake tsakaninsu da wasunsu cikin kungiyoyin Musulunci, domin a duk sanda ba ka san abu ba, to kuwa lallai zai yi wuya ka iya ta’amuli da shi.. Tun ba yau ba malamai suka ce “Sanin abu, wani yanki ne da yake bayar da daman a suranta shi a kwakwalwa”.

MENE NE SHI’A?

Kalmar Shi’a a harshen Larabci tana nufin “masoya” da “mataimaka” da “mabiya”, da duk wata ma’ana da take da dangi da wadannan kalmomin.. kaman idan mutane suka hadu akan wani tunani, ko suka hadu akan wani mutum suna sonsa, haka ma za a iya shigar da ma’anar jam’iyya ta siyasa cikin wannan ma’anar..
Al-Rãgib al-Asfahãni [da ya rasu a 205 H] a cikin littafinsa “Mufradãtul Kur’ãn” ya bayyana cewa ita wannan kalma “Shi’a” tana dauke da ma’anar taimako, da karfafa gwiwa, da goyon-baya, su ne kuma jama’an da mutum yake samun karfin gwiwa da su, wadanda suke kewaye da shi, ko suke kewaye da tunaninsa, ko ra’ayinsa, a irin wannan ma’ana ne Allah Madaukakin Sarki yake cewa :
((وإن من شيعته لإبراهيم...... )) (الصافات: 83)

Ma’ana: ((Lallai a cikin masu goyon bayansa tabbas akwai Ibrahim…)) [as-Safat: 83].

Da kuma inda yake cewa:
((فوجد فيها رجلين يقتتلان هذا من شيعته وهذا من عدوه....)) (القصص: 15)

Ma’ana: ((Sai ya sami mutane biyu a ciki suna fada da juna, wannan daya ne daga cikin jama’ansa masu goya masa baya, dayan kuma yana daga cikin makiyansa…)) [al-Kasas: 15].

Saboda haka ne ake cewa “شيعة معاوية” (Shi’ar Mu’awiyya), ko “شيعة عبد الله بن الزبير” (Shi’ar Abdullahi Ibn Zubair), ko “شيعة عثمان” (Shi’ar Usman) (Allah ya kara yarda da su baki daya), ma’ana masu goya masu baya, da wadanda suke kewaye da su. Duk jama’an da suka hadu akan so da biyayya ga wani mutum, ko wani ra’ayi, ko tunani, ko manufa za a iya cewa da su “Shi’ar wannan abun da suka hadu akai…

Ana kuma ce masu “ar-Rãfidhah” ko “Rafilawa” a Hausance, ita wannan kalmar tana dauke da ma’anar: rashin amincewa da wani abu ne, ganin cewa kusan dukan ‘yan Shi’a –in ban da Zaidiyya a baya- ba su amince da Halifanci Sayyiduna Abubakar da Sayyiduna Umar da Sayyiduna Usman ba, bal ma ba su amince da kowa ba in banda wadanda suka fito daga tsatson Sayyiduna RasululLãhi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam)… da haka ne suka sami wannan suna na “Rafilawa”, ma’ana wadanda suke musanta halifanci kowa in ba Ahlul Baiti ba..

Wannan shi ne ma’ana “Shi’a”, da kuma “Rafila”….

SU WANE NE ‘YAN SHI’A?

Mazhabar Shi’a ta fara bayyana ne a karshe-kashen zamanin halifancin Sayyiduna Usman (Allah ya kara yarda da shi), sakamakon rikici a kan halifanci da ya kunno- kao a wannan lokaci, sai dai ta yi karfi da habaka ne a zamanin halifancin Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi); saboda a lokacin ne masu dauke da irin wannan fahimta ta cewa shi ne yafi cancanta da ya zamo halifar Manzon Allah (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) suka sami dama na isar da tunaninsu zuwa ga mutane, suka kuma yada ta a garuruwa, musamman idan mun lura da rikicin da ya biyo bayan shahadar Sayyiduna Usman (Allah ya kara yarda da shi)…

Wannan ne ya sanya ake ganin cewa faruwar mazhabar Shi’a a karshe-karshen zamanin halifancin Sayyiduna Usman yana nuna cewa kirkiran wannan mazhaba aka yi daga baya, saboda matsalolin siyasa, ba kaman yanda su ‘yan Shi’an suke riya cewa akwai nassi daga Sayyiduna RasululLahi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) da ya tabbatar wa Sayyiduna Aliyu da halifanci a bayansa kai-tsaye ba; domin da akwai irin wannan nassi na karara da kuwa bayyanar Shi’a bai jinkirta har zuwa wannan lokaci ba..

Koda Imam Muhammad Abu Zahra ya fadi cewa: Ibn Abul Hadid –daya daga cikin malaman Shi’a- ya fadi cewa a cikin Sahabban Manzon Allah (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) akwai wadanda suke fifita Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) akan sauran Sahabbai, irinsu: “Ammar bn Yãsir” da “al-Mikdãd bn al-Aswad” da “Abuzarrin al-Ghifãri” da “Salmãnu al-Fãrisi” da “Jãbir bn Abdullãhi” da “Ubayyu bn Ka’ab” da “Huzaifah” da “Buraidah” da “Abu Ayyuba al-Ansãriy” da “Sahlu bn Hanif” da “Usman bn Hanif” da “Abul Haisãm bn  at-Taihãn” da “Abu Tufail, Amir bn Wã’ilah” da “al-Abbãs bn Abdulmutallab” da ‘ya’yansa, da gaba dayan Banu Hãshim.. [Muhammad Abu Zahra: Tãrikhul Mazãhibul Islãmiyya, 39-40]…

Amsa a nan ita ce: fifita Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) akan daukacin Sahabbai, ba shi ne yake nuna cewa suna ganin cewa shi ne yafi cancanta ya zamo halifa ba; saboda gaba dayan Sahabban Ma’aikin Allah (Allah ya kara yarda da su) suna ganin girma da darajar Ahlul Baiti manyansu da kananansu, “Imam al-Bukhari ya kawo wani Hadisi daga Abdullahi bn Umar (Allah ya kara yarda da su), shi kuma daga Sayyiduna Abubakar al-Siddik (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) ya ce: ((Ku kula da hakkin Muhammad (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) a cikin Ahalin gidansa..)) [Ibrahim Saleh al-Husainiy, Makãnatu Ahlil Baiti alaiHimus Salãm wa Fadhlus Sahãbat RidhwãnulLãhi alaiHim; shafi: 8]

Haka akwai bayani da ya zo a cikin al-Bukhari da Sayyiduna Abubakar al-Siddik yake cewa da Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da su): “Wallahi na fi son in sadar da zumunci da dangin Manzon Allah (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) sama da yanda nake son in sadar da zumunci da dangi na..”

An ruwaito Amirul Muminina Umar Bn al-Khattãb yana cewa da Al- Abbãs (Allah ya kara yarda da su) cewa: wallahi na fi jin dadin shiga Musuluncin da ka yi –a ranar da ka Musulunta- sama da a ce al-Khattãb ne ya shiga Musulunci; saboda kawai na san Manzon Allah (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) sai yafi farin-ciki da Musuluntarka akan Musuluntar al-Khattãb…. Ku dubi irin wannan soyayya da wadannan sahabbai suke yi wa Ahalin gidan Manzon Allah, anan fa ya fifita shiga Musuluncin Ammin Manzon Allah ne akan shiga Musuluncin mahaifinsa…..

Saboda haka, fifitawar da sahabbai suke yi wa Ahlul baiti ya samo asali ne daga soyayyar da suke yi wa Sayyiduna RasululLahi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam), amma ba wai domin akwai nassi da ya tabbatar da cewa su ne halifofi ba.. (za mu yi cikakken bayani akan haka, idan mun zo bayyana matsalar sabani akan halifanci in Allah ya yarda..)

Saboda haka, idan muna son mu bayyana su wane ne ‘yan Shi’a, za mu iya cewa su ne: Musulman da suka hadu akan kebance Sayyiduna Aliyu da sauran ‘ya’yansa (Allah ya kara yarda da su) da soyayya, gami da halifanci su kadai, suke kuma ganin cewa shi ne yafi cancanta da ya zamo halifan Sayyiduna RasululLãhi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam), ba Sayyiduna Abubakar, da Sayyiduna Umar, da Sayyiduna Usman (Allah ya kara yarda da su) ba, inda suke ganin halifanci –kaman yanda Ibn Khaldun ya fadi- a matsayin wani abu ne da ba ya cikin hurumin da Allah Madaukakin Sarki ya bai wa al’umman Musulmai wajen zaben wanda zai kasance halifa, kuma suke ganin cewa dole ne wanda za a halifanta (Annabi) ya bayyana wanda zai halifance shi, saboda shi halifanci rukuni ne cikin rukunnan Musulunci, sam bai kamata Annabi ya ki ambatansa, ko ya bar abin a hannun al’ummansa ba, a’a –cewarsu- dole ne ya bayyana wanda zai jagoranci al’umma a bayansa, ya kuma zamo ma’asumi ne shi da ba ya aikata kananan laifuka balle kuma manya… [Muhammad Abu Zahra: Tãrikhul Mazãhibul Islãmiyya, 39]. Kuma halifancin nasa zai fara ne da Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) kai-tsaye tun daga wafatin Sayyiduna RasululLahi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam), bayan sa kuma ‘ya’yansa su karba har zuwa ranar alkiyama. Mutanen da suka samar wa kansu da tunani da kuma ra’ayi na daban da suka ginu akan akidar “cancantar shugabanci ko halifanci”.. Abin da ya ja su zuwa ga bayyana kiyayya –a mafi yawan lokaci- ga manyan sahabban Manzon Allah, musamman Sayyiduna Abubakar, da Sayyiduna Umar (Allah ya kara yarda da su), da ma duk wani da yake ganin girmansu cikin sahabban Ma’aikin Allah (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) da matansa irinsu: Sayyida A’isha, da Sayyida Hafsa (Allah ya kara yarda da su)…

Wadannan su ne ake cewa da su ‘yan shi’a, ma’ana “Shi’atu Aliyu da ‘ya’yansa”…

Saleh Kaura
14/11/2016