SHI’A A MA’AUNIN ILIMI (2 / 3)

((Tattaunawa ta ilimi akan mas’alolin sabani tsakanin Sunnah da Shi’a))

(Cigaban rabe-raben Mazhabar Shi'a)

MATSAKAITA:

Kaman yanda muka ambata a baya cewa mazhabar Shi’a ta kasu kashi-kashi, muka kuma bayyana cewa akwai wadanda suka wuce gona da irin da har ya kai su ga sabule rigar Musulunci, to haka kuma akwai wadanda su kuma ba su bar Musuluncin ba, amma kuma suna da wasu akidu da suka saba da sauran al’umman Musulmai baki daya, za mu iya cewa da su matsakaita masu dan dama-dama, musamman idan muka kalli wadancan da suka wuce makadi da rawar… wadanda za su shiga wannan rukuni a cikin kashe-kashen mazhabar Shi’a, sun hada da: Kaisaniyawa da Zaidiyyawa da Imamiyyawa Isna Ashriyya “al-Musawiyya” da kuma wasu daga cikin imamiyyawa “al-Ismã’iliyya,” ga bayanin su a takaice:

1- KAISANIYAWA (AL-KAISANIYYA):

Kaisaniyawa su ne mabiya “al-Mukhtar bn Abdullah as-Sakafi”, wanda a farko shi daya ne daga cikin Hawãrijãwa, kafin ya koma mazhabar Shi’a wadanda suke bayar da goyon baya ga Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi)…. An ce asalinsa bawa ne mallakan Sayyiduna Aliyu bn Abudalib (Allah ya kara yarda da shi), ko almajirin dansa Sayyiduna Muhammad bn al-Hanafiyyah.

Sayyiduna al-Husain bn Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da su) ne ya tura “al-Mukhtar” ya tafi garin Kufah; domin sanin halin da mutanen Irak yake, da irin goyon bayan da za su bai wa Sayyiduna al-Husain dan ‘Yar Sayyiduna RasululLahi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam)… Da sarkin Kufah na lokacin “Ubaidullah bn Ziyad” ya ji labarin isowar “al-Mukhtar”, sai ya sanya aka kama shi ya kulle, ya kuma sanya aka doke shi, ya kuma cigaba da tsare shi har sai da aka kashe Sayyiduna al-Husain (Allah ya kara yarda da shi), sai mijin ‘yar uwansa “Abdullahi bn Umar” ya nema masa afuwa wajen “Ubaidullah bn Ziyad” ya sake shi, da sharadin zai bar garin Kufah, sai kuwa ya bar garin zuwa al-Hijaz..

An ji shi yana cewa lokacin da zai bar garin: “Zan dauko fansa akan jinin Shugaban Musulmai dan Shugaban Musulmai, al-Husain bn Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi), Shahid wanda aka zalunta, aka kuma kashe shi… Na rantse da Allah, sakamakon wannan kisar da aka yi masa, sai na kashe adadin mutanen da aka kashe sakamakon shekar da jinin Annabi Yahya bn Zakariyya (Alaihimas Salam)”… sannan ya tafi ya hadu da Ibn Zubair (Allah ya kara yarda da shi), a lokacin da yake kan shirin mamaye garin al-Hijaz da garuruwan Musuluncin da suke makwabtaka da garin, ya yi masa mubaya’a da sharadin zai ba shi wasu mukamai idan suka yi nasara, ya kuma tafi wannan yaki tare da shi, inda suka yaki mutanen Sham, sannan ya dawo Kufah bayan mutuwar Yazid da kuma rarrabuwar kawunan Musulmai.. Amma a wannan karo ya riya cewa dan uwan Sayyiduna al-Husain (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) na jini ne, wato Sayyiduna Muhammad Ibn al-Hanafiyya (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) ya aiko shi, domin ya dauki fansa akan kashe Sayyiduna al-Husain (Allah ya kara yarda da shi), yana mai cewa: “Lallai al-Mahdi al-Wasiy –yana nufin Sayyiduna Muhammad bn al-Hanafiyya- shi ne ya aiko ni zuwa gare ku a matsayin wakili kuma amini, ya kuma umurce ni da kashe wadanda ba su yi imani da samuwar Allah ba, sannan in dauki fansa akan kashe ‘yan gidansu, in kuma bayar da kariya ga masu rauni..” [Muhammad Abu Zahra: 47].

Haka ya cigaba da yin amfani da farin jinin Sayyiduna Muhammad bn al-Hanfiyya, ganin irin yanda yake da kima da daraja a cikin zukata, sakamakon danganensa da kuma dmbin ilimin da Allah ya ba shi.. “al-Mukhtar” ya yi ta yada soki- burutsu da sunan wannan babban shugaban, lokacin da labaran abubuwan da yake aikata suka isa zuwa kunnen Sayyiduna Muhammad Bn al-Hanafiyya ya fito ya yi tir da Allah wadai da shi, inda ya bayyana cewa ba shi da alhairi a cikin abubuwan da yake fadi.. sai dai duk da haka wasu mutane sun cigaba da binsa, sakamakon irin yanda suke rajin ganin an dauko fansa akan wadanda suka kashe Sayyiduna al-Husain (Allah ya kara yarda da shi)..

Ya cigaba da yakar wadanda suka kashe Sayyiduna al-Husain (Allah ya kara yarda da shi), duk wani da ya sani cewa ya bayar da gudummuwa wajen wannan kisar gilla, sai da ya kashe shi.. wannan kam ya sanya ya kara samun karbuwa a cikin zukatan mutane –musamman ‘yan Shi’a-, shi ya sa mutane suka kewaye shi, suna yi masa biyayya.

Akidar Kaisaniyawa:

1. Suna ganin cewa dole ne shugaba ya zamo yana da wani matsayi na daban da zai sanya mutane su yi masa biyayya a komai, su kuma amince da iliminsa, su kuma yi imanin cewa shi ma’asumi ne da ba ya laifi, ba kuma ya kuskure, sakamakon kasancewarsa alama na ilimin Allah Ubangiji.

2. Suna ganin cewa shugaban su zai dawo bayan mutuwa, shugabanni a wurinsu su ne: Sayyiduna Aliyu, da Sayyiduna al-Hasan, da Sayyiduna al-Husain, da Sayyiduna Muhammad bn al-Hanafiyya.. wasun su suna ganin cewa ya rasu amma zai dawo, wasu kuma suna ganin cewa bai rasu ba, ya dai faku a wani wuri da ake kira “Jabalu Radhwah” kusa da rijiyar Zamzam.

3. Sun yi imani da wata akida da suka kira da “al-Badã’ah”, ma’ana, Allah Madaukakin Sarki yana sauya manufarsa, idan iliminsa da wani abu ya sauya, zai iya bayar da umurni akan wani abu, sannan kuma ya bayar da wani umurnin da ya saba wa na farko, saboda gano wani abu da bai san da shi ba a farko! Sun karkata zuwa ga wannan akidar ne, sakamakon irin tufka da warwarar da suke cikin maganganun “al-Mukhtar” shugabansu, saboda yana riya cewa abin da yake fada masu wahayi ne ake yi masa, ko kuma wasika ce daga Imam, idan ya fadi abu wanda ya saba da sanin mabiya, sai ya ce masu: Ubangijinku ne ya gano wani abu, shi ya sanya ya sauya hukunci!..

4. Suna kuma yin imani da cewa rayuka suna tashi ne bayan mutuwa su koma wasu jikkunan, idan za a yi wa rai azaba, sai a mayar da shi cikin jikin dabba, wanda kuma za a yi masa ni’ima sai a dora shi a jikin mutane da kirki da suka dara shi… wannan ya yi kama da akidar mutanen Indiya.

5. Suna kuma ganin cewa kowane zahiri yana da badini, haka ma kowane mutum yana da ruhi, kuma kowane aya tana da tawili, kaman yanda Shahrustaniy ya bayyana.. [Shahrustani, al-Milal wan Nihal, 1/149].

Game da Shi’ar Kaisaniya ne Sheikh Abu Zahra yake cewa: “Duk da –a ganinmu- suna fadin maganganun da suka saba da ma’anar Annabta, ta inda suka zamo ‘yan gani kashe nin ‘ya’yan Sayyiduna Aliyu, abin da har ya kai ga sun daura su kusa da matsayin Annabta, sai dai duk da haka, ba mu ga wani abu da suka yi da ya shafi rashin tsarkake Allah mai girma da daukaka ba, ban da maganar cewa ilimin Allah takaitacce ne, sun kuma sirka akidunsu da wasu bakin akidu…” [Muhammad Abu Zahra: 49].

Kaisaniyawa ba su da wani yawa na a zo a gani a kasashen Musulmai.. 

2- ZAIDIYYAWA (AZ-ZAIDIYYA):

Zaidiyyawa su ne mabiya Sayyiduna Zaid bn Aliyu bn al-Husain [97 -122 H/ 698 – 740 M] (Allah ya kara yarda da shi).. Lokacin da ‘yan Shi’a suka shirya yakar Umayyawa sun tambaye shi tambayoyi goma sha hudu akan Sayyiduna Abubakar, da Sayyiduna Umar (Allah ya kara yarda da su), sai ya yabe su, a cikin tambayoyin nasu sun cewa: Za mu taimaka maka akan makiyanka ne, bayan ka fada mana ra’ayinka akan Abubukar, da Umar, da suka zalunci kakanka Aliyu bn Abudalib.. sai ya ce masu: Babu wani abu da zan fadi akansu sai alhairi, ni fa yanzu na fito ne in yaki Umayyawa da suka kashe kakana al-Husain, suka kuma kai hari garin Madina a ranar “al-Hirrat”, sannan kuma suka jefi dakin Allah da majejewa da kuma bakin wuta… sakamakon haka ne suka ki amince da shi. [Abu Zahra: 52].

Wadannan mutane, wato Zadiyyawa, suna rayuwa –a yanzu haka- a Yaman, mazhabarsu tafi kusa da na Ahlus- Sunna wal Jama’ah, saboda duk da suna cewa Sayyiduna Aliyu ya fi Sayyiduna Abubakar da Sayyiduna Umar (Allah ya kara yarda da su) daraja, amma suna ganin cewa abu ne mai yiwuwa wanda aka fi ya shugabanci wanda ya fi shi..

Suna da jibi da Mu’utazilawa a mas’alolin Akida, a furu’a kuma suna da jibi da mazhabar Imam Abu Hanifa (Allah ya kara yarda da shi)… [Jadul- Hakki, da Husnayain Makhluf, Al-Azhar was Shi’a, 14, 22].

Ba su kafirta ko daya daga cikin sahabban Annabi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam), musamman wadanda Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) ya yi mubaya’a, ya kuma aminta da halifancinsu.
Sai dai an dan sami sauyi daga baya a cikin wannan mazhaba, inda wadanda suka zo daga baya suka goge mas’alar shugabancin wanda yafi akan wanda aka fi, da mazhabar ta ginu akai tun farko, su ma suka fara nuna rashin amincewa da halifancin Sayyiduna Abubakar da Sayyiduna Umar (Allah ya kara yarda da su), da haka za mu iya cewa akwai tsohuwar mazhabar Zaidiyya, su wadannan ba su cikin wadanda suka musanta halifancin Sayyiduna Abubakar, da Sayyiduna Umar, da Sayyiduna Usman (Allah ya kara yarda da su), akwai kuma sabuwar Zaidiyya wadda ba ta aminta da haka ba.
Koma dai mene ne mazhabar Zaidiyya ita ce tafi kusa da mazhabar Ahlus Sunna wal jama’ah, idan aka gwada su da sauran kungiyoyin Shi’a, kaman yanda manyan malamai da dama suka tabbatar. Kuma su ne suke rayuwa a Yaman a yanzu haka.. su ne wasu kasashen Musulmai suka yi gangami suna narka masu wuta! Allah ya kawo mana karshen wannan rikici, amin.

3- IMAMIYAWA (IMAMIYYA –ISNA ASHARIYYA):

Su kuwa Shi’ar Imamiyawa ta Isna Ashariyya su ne wadanda suka yi imani cewa halifofin Annabi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) -tun daga wafatinsa har zuwa karshen duniya- guda goma sha biyu ne, ana kuma kiransu da sunan “al-Musawiyya”, halifofin da suka yi imani da su sun hada da : Sayyiduna Aliyu, da Sayyiduna al-Hasan, da Sayyiduna al-Husain, da Sayyiduna  Aliyu Zainul Ăbidin bn al-Hasan, sannan halifanci ya zo kan babban dansa Zaid suka ki amincewa da shi, -kaman yanda ya gabata- suka sauya shi da dan uwansa Muhammad al-Bãkir, sannan Ja’afarus Sãdik, wanda shi kuma yake da ‘ya’ya shida, babban su Ismã’il, mai bi masa kuma Musa, sai dai Ismã’il ya rasu lokacin mahaifinsu yana da rai, sai mahaifinsa ya yi wasicin halifanci ga kaninsa wato Musa al-Kãzim, lokacin da Ja’afarus Sãdik ya yi wafati, sai mabiyan suka kasu gida biyu, wasu suka cigaba da ganin Ismã’il –duk da ya rasu- a matsayin halifa, su ne kuma ake cewa da su Ismã’iliyya (Bayani akan su yana zuwa a nan gaba kadan), sauran kuma suka cigaba da ganin Musa al-Kãzim shi ne halifa, sai ake cewa da su “al-Musawiyya”.. bayansa kuma sai Aliyu ar-Ridha, sannan dansa Muhammad al-Jawãd, sannan dansa Aliyu al-Hãdi, sannan dansa al-Hasan al-Askariy –al-Askar wani gari ne a Samarra na kasar Iraki-, shi ne kuma Imam na goma sha daya, sannan dansa Muhammad, Imam na goma sha biyu, wanda ya rasu ba tare da ya haifi da ba, daga nan sai jeren shugabannin ya tsaya daga gare shi, ya rasu ne a shekara ta 265 H, koda ‘yan Shi’ar Imamiyya al-Musawiyya suna ganin cewa bai rasu ba, ya dai faku ne, zai kuma sake dawowa da sunan Imam “al-Mahdi al-Muntazir” ma’ana wanda ake jiran fitowarsa!..

‘Yan wannan kungiya ta Shi’a su ne suke rayuwa a yanzu haka a kasashen Iran, da Iraki, da Siriya, da Labnan, akwai su kuma a wurare da daman a duniya, su ne ma a Nijeriya da makamantansu.. suna da litattafai masu yawa da suka rubuta akidunsu, da kuma tsarinsu na fikhu da mu’amala, da makamantansu.

Akidu da muhimman ginshikan Shi’ar Imamiya al-Musawiyya suka ginu akai sun hada da:

1. Ganin cewa karara Annabi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) ya nada Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) a matsayin halifa a bayansa, shi kuma Sayyiduna Aliyu ya fadi mai biye masa, kaman yanda Annabi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) ya yi masa wasici –a cewarsu-, haka har zuwa halifa na karshe, wato na goma sha biyu.. Sannan kuma suna yin istinbadi wajen tabbatar da haka da wasu abubuwa da suka faru a matsayin dalilai masu tabbatar da halifancin Sayyiduna Aliyu da ‘ya’yansa.

2. Suna da akidar kafirta da zagin mafi yawan sahabban Sayyiduna RasululLahi (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam), musamman Sayyiduna Abubakar, da Sayyiduna Umar (Allah ya kara yarda da su), in ban da wasu kadan daga cikinsu da suke kusa da sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) -kaman yanda bayanin haka ya gabata-. Har sun ruwaito daga as-Sãdik da al-Bãkir –wai- cewa : “Allah ba zai yi magana da mutane uku ba a ranar alkiyama, ba kuma zai tsarkake su ba, suna kuma da azaba mai radadi, na farko: wanda ya yi da’awar halifancin da ba nasa ba, sannan wanda ya musanta imamin da ya zo daga Allah, da kuma wanda ya riya cewa Abubakar, da Umar suna da wani kaso na Musulunci!!..”, ire-iren wadannan maganganu cike suke a cikin litattafansu..

3. Da’awar cewa a Alkur’anin da yake hannun mutane a yanzu haka ba cikakke ba ne, an cire ayoyi da yawa da suke magana akan halifancin, Sayyiduna Aliyu da ‘ya’yansa, sai dai wannan da’awa –kamar yanda Muhammad Imara ya nuna- ta sami sauyi, ko mu ce bita daga manyan malaman Shi’a a karni na goma sha tara miladiyya, bitar da ta kore duk wani kira da yake nuna nakasun Alkur’ani mai girma, abin da har ya kai da rubuta littafi akan haka mai suna “Ukzubatu Tahriful Kur’an bainas Shi’a was Sunnah”, ma’anar: “Karyar jirkita Alkur’ani tsakanin Shi’a da Sunnah” na Sheikh Rasul Ja’afar Bãn, aka kuma buga a 1985.. [Muhammad Imara, Adhwa’un alal Maukifis Shi’iy min As’habir Rasul -SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam-, Shafi: 17 – 18].

4. Rashin amincewa da duk wata ruwaya matukar ba daga shugabanninsu ta zo ba, saboda suna yi masu kallon cewa su ma’asumai ne ba sa laifi ko kuskure. Suna kuma ganin cewa suna da dama kawo sabbin hukunce- hukunce, duk kuma abubuwan da suka fadi shari’a ne, babu wani abu da suke aikatawa da zai zamo ya saba wa shari’a..

5. Suna da akidar boye abin da yake cikin zukatansu, “Takiyya” inda suke bayyana akidar da ta saba da wadda suka boye, saboda guje wa mummunan abu, ko wata damuwa na kunya da sauransu.

6. Suna ganin haramcin yin jahadi a wannan lokacin, saboda imam na karshe ya faku, yin jahadi tare da waninsa kuma haramun ne, ba kuma za a yi masa biyayya ba.

4- IMAMIYYAWA (ISMÃ’ILIYYA):

Shi’ar Imamiyyawa ta Ismã’iliyya kuma –kaman yanda muka fadi a baya- tana jibi ne da Ismã’il bn Ja’afaru Sãdik, wanda ya rasu kafin rasuwar mahaifinsa Ja’afars- Sãdik, wadannan su ne kakannin “al-Fãdimiyyin” da “al-Karãmidah”.. sun yi imani da ran-gadin ruhi bayan mutuwa, ta hanyar komawa zuwa wani jikin na daban, kana kuma suna da akidar Hululiyanci, wasun su suna cewa shugabanninsu suna rikidewa su zamo Allah, kaman yanda wasun su kuma suke ganin cewa shugabanninsu da suka rasu suna dawowa ne ta hanyar “at-Tanãsukh”..

Wannan kungiya ta kasu gida biyu, akwai wadanda suke rayuwa a Indiya, su ne ake kira “al-Buharah”, cibiyarsu tana “Mambai”, sun yi imani da rukunnan Musulunci guda biyar, sai dai suna kara guda daya da suke kira da suna “ad-Daharat”, wannan sabon rukuni ya kunshi haramta shan taba, da haramta sauraron sauti da kallon fina-finai, idan kuma za su yi sallah suna hada tsakanin Azuhur da La’asar ne a lokaci daya, Magriba da Isha’i ma a lokaci daya, ba kuma sayin sallar Juma’a, sukan yi biki a ranar al-Ghadir, wato ranar 18 ga watan Zul Hajji na kowace shekara, suna riya cewa a ranar ce Annabi Muhammadu (SallalLãhu alaiHi wa Ălihi wa sallam) ya tabbatar wa da Sayyiduna Aliyu (Allah ya kara yarda da shi) da halifanci a bayansa. Na biyun kuma su ne wadanda suke rayuwa a “Sulaimiyya” na kasar Siriya, da “Zanjibãr” a Tanzaniya da gabashin Afrika, ana kuma kiransu da sunan “al-Aghãkhãniyya”, inda ake jingina su da shugabansu “Aghãhãn”. [Al Azhar was Shi’a: 17].

Kudundune da zurfin cikin ‘yan wannan kungiya ya ketare misali, abin da har ya sanya suna gudun mutane, kai har sukan rubuta litattafai ba tare da sun bayyana sunansu ba, wasikun nan na “Ikhwanus Safa’a” da suke kunshe da zurfafan ilmomin palsapa da wasu jama’a da ba a san ko su wane ne ba suka rubuta, nasu ne..
Amma duk da haka, an gano cewa suna ganin:

1. Shugabanninsu sun san ilmomin da babu wani da ya sani, musamman ilimin Shari’a.

2. Ba dole ne shugaba ya bayyana kowa ya san shi a zahiri ba, zai iya zama a fake, amma dai yi masa biyayya ya zama dole.

3. Babu wanda zai iya cewa da shugabanninsu don me? Saboda suka kallonsu a matsayin ma’asumai ne da ba sa laifi ko kuskure.

An kafirta masu ganin akidar hululiyanci a wadannan kungiya ne; saboda Allantar da shugabanninsu ta hanyar Hululiyanci, abin da ya saba karara da rukunin farko cikin rukunnan Musulunci, wato imani da cewa Allah shi kadai ne ba shi da abokin tarayya..

***

Wani hanzari ba gudu ba, kamata ya yi na shigar da wannan kungiya a cikin rukuni na farko na masu wuce gona da iri, amma sai na ga cewa za a fi fahimtar su da kyau idan na fito da su bayan Shi’a Imamiyya Isna Ashariyya “al-Musawiyya”, saboda daga cikinsu wadannan suka balle, suka koma suna cin gashin kansu. Sannan kuma ba dukansu ne suke da akidar hululiyanci ba.

Da haka za a iya cewa, an kawo bayani –a takaice- akan mene ne Shi’a, kuma su wane ne ‘yan Shi’a da muhimman rabe- rabensu… idan ma da wani abu da ya yi saura, bai wuce yin tsokaci akan su wane ne Ahlul baiti, kuma yaya ya matsayinsu yake a cikin addinin Musulunci ba, abin da nake ganin cewa in Allah ya yarda da shi ne zan rufe wannan maudhu’in.

Saleh Kaura

17/11/2016